Mine okubo biography template

She continued painting until her death in MLA — Spring, Kelly. National Women's History Museum, Date accessed. Chicago- Spring, Kelly. By Dr. Kelly A. Spring Works Cited. Citizen New York: Columbia University Press, Sun, Shirley. San Francisco, Print. Westport, Conn. Seattle: University of Washington Press, Newspapers Okubo, Mine. Accessed August 22, Accessed August 23, Accessed August 24, How to Cite this page.

Additional Resources. Matsumoto, Toru. The Seven Stars. New York: Friendship Press, Riverside, California. Greenwich VillageNew York. Early life [ edit ]. Internment [ edit ]. Citizen [ edit ]. Later life and death [ edit ]. Bibliography [ edit ]. Collections [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. Notes [ edit ]. Mary H. References [ edit ]. Retrieved New York Times.

Picture This. Oakland Museum of California. Archived from the original on Press Enterprise Riverside, CA. University of California, Berkeley 6 March Online Archive of California. Spencer Jon Helfen Fine Arts. Citizen June ed. University of Washington Press. ISBN Archived from the original DOC on Margaret University of Washington Press Blog.

American Journal of Sociology. ISSN JSTOR American Studies. Discover Nikkei. It must have been overwhelming and exhausting.

Mine okubo biography template

After arriving at Tanforan, the siblings were separated and told to undress for smallpox under the supervision of a nurse. Next, they were ushered to the registration where she had to fight for her and her brother to remain together. And then, amongst looming bad weather, they trekked through the mud across the camp to the horse stables that were their designated living space.

The guide left us at the door of Stall We walked in and dropped our things inside the entrance. The place was in semidarkness; light barely came through the dirty window on either side of the entrance. A swinging half-door divided the 20 by 9 ft. The roof sloped down from a height of twelve feet in the rear room to seven feet in the front room; below the rafters an open space extended the full length of the stable.

The rear room had housed the horse and the front room the fodder. Both rooms showed signs of a hired white-washing. Spider webs, horse hair, and hay had been whitewashed with the walls. Huge spikes and nails stuck out all over the walls. A two-inch layer of dust covered the floor, but on removing it we discovered that linoleum the color of redwood had been placed over the rough manure-covered boards.

We opened the folded spring cots lying on the floor of the rear room and sat on them in the semidarkness. We heard someone crying in the next stall. She showed women using communal bathroom stalls and showers. Without any privacy afforded to them, they utilized what they could: old blankets nailed up and boards that leaned against their knees. The showers also offered little modesty.

We were close to freedom and yet far from it. The San Bruno streetcar line bordered the camp on the east and the main state highway on the south. Streams of cars passed by all day. Guard towers and barbed wire surrounded the entire center. Guards were on duty night and day. She shows herself sitting on the roof overlooking the camp with a streetcar just on the other side of the fence with the guard tower and barbed wire between them.

September brought the relocation to Topaz in Utah on a two-day train trip. This was the more permanent location—though it was unknown how permanent it might be, and the camp was still in the midst of construction. They saw some familiar faces from Tanforan, who helped Okubo and her brother find their living space. Getting there was unpleasant as the wind, sand, and dust blew into their faces.

Okubo and her brother had to live with a stranger, a young man who hoped to relocate shortly with his father. They hung up a rare spare blanket to create a private space for Okubo, the lone woman. She even documented the annoying fact that they tended to wear the same clothes as they all had to order from the same mail-order catalog. The expressions of the women, in their matching shirts, are at once humorous and heartbreaking.

Okubo and other forcibly displaced Japanese-Americans continually battled the weather—extreme heat and cold, blustery sand and dust storms, and constant rain ensued by brutal mosquitos in the summertime. Cattle, chickens, and hogs were brought in, and people planted gardens that everyone helped out with, though the climate and soil made it hard for the produce to thrive.

In earlythe military created a combat unit of Japanese Americans. Roosevelt sent officials to the internment camps and asked for male volunteers. They had to complete a complex questionnaire intended to prove not only their loyalty to the United States but also their opposition to Japan. Many, unsurprisingly, found this insulting, which added to the existing tension.

Those who answered that they wanted to return to Japan were segregated and later sent to a separate camp. Rules began to relax slightly and passes were distributed for inmates for work or shop for basic necessities. Eventually, this gave rise to a complicated mine okubo biography template reversal process. Citizens were asked to swear unqualified allegiance to the United States and to defend it faithfully from all foreign powers.

Aliens were asked to swear to abide by the laws of the United States and to do nothing to interfere with the war effort. Jobs were checked by the War Relocation offices and even the place of destination was investigated before an evacuee left. I relived momentarily the sorrows and the boys of my whole evacuation experience, until the barracks faded away into the distance.

There was only the desert now.